Review Note
Last Update: 03/30/2025 10:08 PM
Current Deck: ACG Part 2::Plastic Surgery and Burns
New Card (Unpublished)Currently Published Content
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Front
Commit #312093
SS_PB 1.1 Describe the physiological principles relevant to optimising blood flow to tissue flaps, including:
- Determinants and control of cardiac output
- Determinants and control of cardiac output
Back
Commit #312093Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output
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CO = HR × Stroke Volume
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SV is determined by three factors:
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Preload – Initial fiber length, commonly estimated by LVEDV, based on the Frank-Starling mechanism (cardiac contraction strength depends on initial fiber length).
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Afterload – The tension needed in cardiac muscle before shortening occurs; or the impedance to flow from the ventricle during systole (SVR).
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Contractility – The intrinsic ability of myocardial fibers to shorten, independent of preload and afterload.
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CO is regulated by neuroendocrine control through the SNS, PSNS, and autonomic reflexes (low-pressure and high-pressure baroreceptors).