Review Note

Last Update: 02/27/2025 04:33 AM

Current Deck: ACG Part 2::Thoracic SSU

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Pending Suggestions


Field Change Suggestions:
SS_TS 1.18 Compare the anaesthetic management of thoracoscopic and open approaches for thoracic surgery
Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) :
  • Less invasive than thoracotomy
  • diagnosis and management disease of pleura, undiagnosed peripheral pulmonary nodules, interstitial lung disease. First choice technique for lung biopsies, pleurectomies, sympathectomies. 

Anaesthetic Management
  • Thoracoscopic surgery can be performed under local, regional (intercostal nerve block at level of incision +2 above and below) or GA. Open approaches done under GA +/- regional technique for pain management 
  • Ventilation : one or two lung for VATS 
    • Insufflation leads to partial collapse of the lung on side of surgery. 
    • If patient is awake, hazardous to insufflates gasses under pressure to increase visualization 
      • Patient usually left breathing spontaneously 
      • High FiO2 delivered over face mask to overcome shunt due to unavoidable pneumothorax. 
    • Likely OLV for Thoractomy 
  • Monitoring
    • For short cases in well patients,  blood gases not usually monitored, even if OLV 
    • For prolonged VATs eg lobectomy or open procedure. Require arterial line for BP monitoring and frequent gases. 
    • May have large blood loss in open case. 
  • Positioning : often both lateral decubitus 
    • VATS often in extreme lateral flexion so more careful attention must be paid to secure patient to the table 

For both
  • Careful fluid management 
  • Neither TIVA or volatile superior

Advantage of VATS, when compared to open thoracotomy, include: 
  1. reduced hospital length of stay, 
  2. Less blood loss if no mishaps occur, 
  3. less pain
  4. improvement in pulmonary function when compared to open thoracotomy, 
  5. early patient mobilization with early recovery and rapid return to work and daily activities
  6. less inflammatory reaction, as measured by cytokine response in patients undergoing VATS lobectomy compared to open thoracotomy

Millers Anaesthesia
Gold coast notes