Review Note
Last Update: 01/29/2025 05:09 AM
Current Deck: ACG Part 2::Thoracic SSU
New Card (Unpublished)Currently Published Content
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Commit #272532
SS_TS 1.1 Describe the anatomy of the:
Thorax, including the pleura and its surface anatomy
Thorax, including the pleura and its surface anatomy
Back
Commit #272532Thorax : region between the abdomen inferiorly and the root of the neck superiorly
- Thoracic wall :12 thoracic vertebrae, cartilage, sternum, and five muscles
- First seven true ribs articulate with the sternum anteriorly. The false ribs 8 to 10 have cartilaginous extensions to communicate with the sternum, while floating ribs 11 and 12 do not communicate with the sternum
- Muscles : thoracic wall muscles are the external intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal, subcostal (posteriorly), and the transversus thoracic muscle (anteriorly).
- Thoracic Cavity : contains organs and tissues from multiple systems. Divided into mediastinum and pleural cavities
- respiratory (lungs, bronchi, trachea, pleura),
- cardiovascular (heart, pericardium, great vessels, lymphatics),
- nervous (vagus nerve, sympathetic chain, phrenic nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve),
- immune (thymus)
- digestive (esophagus).
- transverse thoracic plane: passes through angle of sternum, at level of T4/5 vertebral junction. Dividing mediastinum into superior and inferior. Inferior can be further divided into anterior, middle and posterior.
- Pleural cavities - lungs and pleura
- Superior mediastinum - great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, sympathetic nerves, thoracic lymphatic duct, thymus
- Anterior mediastinum - connective tissue, thymus, and lymph nodes
- Middle mediastinum - heart, roots of great vessels, phrenic nerve, and pericardium
- Posterior mediastinum - descending aorta, azygos veins, esophagus, vagus nerve, sympathetic nerves, bronchi, and thoracic lymphatic duct
The Pleurae, Front view of thorax; showing the relations of the pleuræ and lungs to the chest wall, Pleura in blue; lungs in purple
The Mediastinum, Transverse Section of the Thorax. The Mediastinum, a transverse section of the thorax, showing the contents of the middle and the posterior mediastinum, left phrenic nerve, heart, lungs, pulmonary pleura, and costal pleura
SURFACE ANATOMY
- Inferior scapular tip as an indicator of T7 or vertebra prominens as an indicator of C7 and counting down
- C7 surface landmark accurate to +/- 1 in 78% if BMI<25
- Neither vertebra prominence nor tip of scapula a reliable landmark in patients with >/=25
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19372358/