Notes in Reproductive

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	04/07/2025	What does contraction of the tunica dartos muscle rely on, and why does the muscle contract?
Published	04/07/2025	What is the tunica albuginea composed of?What are its functions?
Published	04/07/2025	The {{c1::pampiniform plexus}} is a counter current {{c2::heat}} and {{c2::testosterone}} exchanger. It cools arterial blood coming into the…
Published	04/07/2025	Epididymis sections{{c1::Head}}={{c2::caput}}{{c1::Body}}= {{c2::corpus}}{{c1::Tail}}= {{c2::cauda}}
Published	04/11/2025	In the epididymis, what facilitates movement and/or shedding of the cytoplasm?
Published	04/11/2025	What is the site of vasectomy in the male? Why?
Published	04/11/2025	Functions of accessory sex glands:{{c1::ampulla}}= {{c2::limited storage place for spermatozoa}}{{c1::vesicular gland}}= {{c2::contribute fluids, ener…
Published	04/11/2025	Describe the species variation in the accessory glands- mainly, which gland is most prominent in what species.
Published	04/11/2025	The {{c1::glans penis}} is highly specialized to adapt to the species-specific female anatomy.
Published	04/11/2025	What is the most common site of obstruction in the male ruminant reproductive tract?
Published	04/15/2025	Why is it important for the stallion's penis to remain tucked away and relatively clean?
Published	04/15/2025	What prevents strangulation of the urethra when the corpus spongiosum swells?
Published	04/15/2025	What are the reproductive hormones in the male? What do they act on?
Published	04/15/2025	{{c1::GnRH}}, {{c1::LH}}, and {{c1::FSH}} are released in a {{c2::pulsatile}} manner. Sustained release of {{c3::LH}} would cause {{c3::LH receptors}}…
Published	04/15/2025	Spermatogenesis stepsIn the {{c1::basal}} compartment, {{c2::spermatogonia}} are undergoing {{c3::mitotic divisions}}. In the&nbsp…
Published	04/15/2025	Why does spermatocyte meiosis occur behind the blood-testis barrier?
Published	04/15/2025	What steps must occur for sperm maturation?
Published	04/15/2025	Describe what happens during the golgi, cap, acrosome, and maturation phases of sperm maturation.
Published	04/15/2025	How is there a continuous supply of sperm available given spermatogenesis takes 60+ days?
Published	04/15/2025	What is the pathway of spermatozoa in the male reproductive tract?
Published	04/15/2025	How long before the effects of deleterious events on spermatogenesis can be monitored? When is there restoration of normal spermatogenesis?
Published	04/16/2025	What is the most common method for evaluation of the female reproductive tract in the cow, mare, bitch, and queen?
Published	04/16/2025	The {{c1::ovarian cortex}} houses the {{c2::oocytes, follicles, and corpus luteum}}. The {{c1::ovarian medulla}} includes the {{c2::vasculature,…
Published	04/16/2025	Where is the ovarian cortex located in MOST species, and what species is the exception?
Published	04/16/2025	What is unique about equine ovaries?
Published	04/16/2025	Define/describe the following follicles: {{c1::Primordial follicles}}: {{c2::the initial, most immature stage of a follicle in the female reprodu…
Published	04/16/2025	Define/describe the following ovarian structures: {{c1::Corpus hemorrhagicum}}:{{c2::A temporary structure that forms in the ovary immediat…
Published	04/16/2025	Define each component of the oviduct: {{c1::Infundibulum}}: funnel shaped opening that captures the ovulated oocyte, covered with finger-like pro…
Published	04/16/2025	What specific component of the oviduct does fertilization occur in?
Published	04/16/2025	What part of the isthmus opens into the uterus, and what is its function?
Published	04/16/2025	What are the primary functions of the uterus?
Published	04/16/2025	What is the uterine specific terminology for the serosa, muscularis, and mucosa layers?
Published	04/16/2025	What uterine layer can increase in tone during estrus (with the exception of the mare) and during parturition?
Published	04/16/2025	What are the three anatomical types of uteri in mammals?
Published	04/17/2025	What are the functions of the cervix?
Published	04/17/2025	How does the cervix differ between species?
Published	04/17/2025	What are the functions of the vagina?
Published	04/17/2025	What type of epithelium makes up the caudal vagina?
Published	04/22/2025	What houses the blood supply, nerves, and lymphatics of the female reproductive tract?
Published	04/17/2025	Define/describe the following: {{c1::Mesometrium}}: {{c2::mesentery of the uterus, largest portion of the broad ligament}}{{c1::Mesosalpinx}}: {{…
Published	04/17/2025	{{c1::Polyestrous}} animals have a {{c2::uniform distribution of estrous cycles that occur regularly throughout the entire year}}. Examples include {{…
Published	04/17/2025	What is the difference between estrus and the estrous cycle?
Published	04/17/2025	{{c1::Proestrus}} is characterized by a significant rise in {{c2::estradiol}} and the formation of {{c2::ovulatory follicles.}} {{c1::Estrus}} oc…
Published	04/22/2025	What hormone shift occurs during the luteinization period?
Published	04/17/2025	What stage of the estrous cycle is typically the shortest, and what stage is typcially the longest?
Published	04/17/2025	In bitches and queens, what hormone does the placenta produce that can be used in pregnancy diagnosis?
Published	04/17/2025	What is the consequence of cats being induced ovulators?
Published	04/17/2025	What is the difference between anestrous and anestrus?
Published	04/17/2025	What is the term for the first ovulation that occurs after seasonal estrus and lacks behavioral estrus?
Published	04/24/2025	During the luteal phase, there is {{c1::CL}} formation, which produces {{c1::progesterone (progesterone block)}}.
Published	04/24/2025	Luteal Cells:Large luteal cells secrete {{c1::oxytocin}} in the CL of a cycling cow and {{c1::relaxin}} in the CL of a pregnant cow. Bo…
Published	04/24/2025	What are the two causes of luteolysis?
Published	04/24/2025	What role does the uterus play in luetolysis?
Published	04/24/2025	Given that PGF2α is metabolized quickly by the lungs, how does it get to the ovaries to be effective?
Published	04/24/2025	What are the two ways progesterone is decreased to allow the animal to enter the follicular phase?
Published	04/24/2025	How is most of the semen lost after it has been deposited in the female reproductive tract?
Published	04/24/2025	What occurs during capacitation?
Published	04/24/2025	What is the acrosome reaction?
Published	04/24/2025	What are the two oocyte blocks that occur during fertilization?
Published	04/24/2025	Describe the steps of fertilization after the sperm is deposited
Published	04/24/2025	{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2322:top=.82:width=.1209:height=.0694}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2329:top=.8948:width=.1209:height=.0694}}{{c2…
Published	04/24/2025	What are the two major functions of eCG on the equine ovary?
Published	04/24/2025	Different nutrients are transported via different mechanisms across the placenta Gases and water transport via {{c1::concentration gradient}} Ion…
Published	04/24/2025	Very broadly list/describe the 3 stages of parturition, and their relative durations
Published	04/24/2025	The placenta is producing {{c1::CRH}} continuously, but the fetus cannot respond to initiate parturition until the fetal {{c2::adrenal glands}}&n…
Published	04/24/2025	What are the two intermediate reactions driven by fetal cortisol?
Published	04/24/2025	What are the actions of estradiol and PGF2a in initiating parturition? Estradiol: {{c1::Increased secretions}} PGF2a: {{c1::Luteolysis}} & …
Published	04/24/2025	Describe the 4 major events of puerperium
Published	04/24/2025	What are the two primary hormones that stimulate milk production and letdown? What hormone suppresses these during pregnancy?
Published	04/24/2025	What two hormones are important for mammary gland proliferation during pregnancy?
Published	04/24/2025	Females have a pituitary surge center, and males don't. What hormone prevents formation of this structure, and how does it reach the brain?
Published	04/24/2025	What hormone controls puberty?
Status	Last Update	Fields