Notes in Exam III

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Published	04/08/2025	What are the significant differences in the post-diagphragmatic digestive tract in horses and cows? (generally)
Published	04/08/2025	What structures do you see on the right side of the equine abdominal cavity?
Published	04/08/2025	What structures do you see on the left side of the equine abdominal cavity?
Published	04/08/2025	If you make a ventral midline incision into a horse abdomen, you will encounter {{c1::cecum (body and apex)}} surrounded by {{c1::right vent…
Published	04/08/2025	What do you see on the left side of the ruminant abdomen?
Published	04/08/2025	What do you see on the right side of the ruminant abdomen?
Published	04/08/2025	What is the supraomental recess?
Published	04/08/2025	What is the large portion of the equine stomach that food enters to mix with hydrocholric acid? (Basically, an unusually large fundus)
Published	04/08/2025	What is the portion of the equine stomach that separtes the glandular and non glandular regions of the stomach?
Published	04/08/2025	Including flexures, what is the order that ingesta flows through the equine ascending colon?
Published	04/08/2025	What is the general flow of ingesta through the equine large intestine? (No need to include portions of the ascending colon here)
Published	04/08/2025	What are three parts of the equine intestinal tract that are likely points for impaction, and why?
Published	04/08/2025	What portion of the colon is involved in left dorsal displacement, and why is this portion more likely to be displaced?
Published	04/08/2025	The {{c1::celiac artery}} supplies the {{c2::stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas and proximal portion of the duodenum}} The {{c1::cranial mesenteric…
Published	04/08/2025	What are the three main branches of the celiac artery?
Published	04/08/2025	Why can it be so probelmatic for portions of the equine GI tract to very mobile? What portion of the large intestine is especially prone to this?
Published	04/08/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4399:top=.1043:width=.0994:height=.0317:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4399:top=.2313:width=.0994:height=.031…
Published	04/08/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5063:top=.0136:width=.2141:height=.0519:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7932:top=.5299:width=.207:height=.0519…
Published	04/08/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.8016:top=.437:width=.1946:height=.0551:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5058:top=.9016:width=.1926:height=.0472…
Published	04/08/2025	What are the four ruminal stomach/forestomach compartments, and their distinctive papillae morphology?
Published	04/08/2025	What are the unique features of the ruminant intestinal tract?
Published	04/08/2025	How does coronary vasculature differ in horses compared to our other domestic species?
Published	04/08/2025	The great vessels from the ascending aorta vary between our large animal species and small companion animal. What is that primary difference?
Published	04/08/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6702:top=.8752:width=.1228:height=.0278:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1973:top=.8821:width=.1083:height=.030…
Published	04/08/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3308:top=.957:width=.1091:height=.0486:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7468:top=.8918:width=.1275:height=.0333…
Published	04/08/2025	T/F: The left lung lobe organization is highly conserved in all of our studied species. If false, explain.
Published	04/08/2025	Where are the puncta maxima for equine valves?
Published	04/08/2025	The perineal region spans from the {{c1::base of the tail}} to the {{c1::udder/scrotum}}. The region includes the {{c2::pelvic diaphrag…
Published	04/08/2025	What is the clinical relevance of the location of the equine vulva?
Published	04/08/2025	What are the differences in the bovine and equine female reproductive tracts?
Published	04/08/2025	How do the reproductive tracts of the bull and stallion differ?
Published	04/08/2025	What accessory reproductive glands are seen in bulls and stallions? Which are not seen in carnviores?
Published	04/08/2025	For {{c1::open}} castration, the {{c2::parietal vaginal tunic}} is incised, and this creates an opening into the {{c3::abdominal}} cavi…
Published	04/08/2025	What are the the components of the udder that support it by attaching it to the ventral trunk? Which component has some elasticity?
Published	04/08/2025	What makes up the lactiferous sinus of the udder?
Published	04/11/2025	{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7663:top=.756:width=.1045:height=.0315:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7686:top=.306:width=.098:height=.0315:o…
Published	04/11/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2906:top=.1447:width=.1765:height=.0387:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2889:top=.2207:width=.1578:height=.027…
Published	04/11/2025	In what species is the supraorbital fossa found? What is found there?
Published	04/11/2025	What are the 3 sinus compartments of the horse? (With sub-compartments)
Published	04/11/2025	In the horse, to access the frontal sinus via entry to the skull, you must stay within a triangular region. Describe the three points/vertices of this…
Published	04/11/2025	In the horse, to access the maxillary sinus, you must stay within a rectangular area on the side of skull. What are the bounds of this rectangle?
Published	04/11/2025	What is the purpose of accessing the frontal sinus and maxillary sinus surgically?
Published	04/11/2025	What are 3 major differences between our large animal skulls relative to canine?
Published	04/11/2025	What are the 4 muscles of mastication and their actions? (Large animal)
Published	04/11/2025	What nerve must be anesthetized for a dehorning? What is the parent nerve?
Published	04/11/2025	What glands can be appreciated from a ventral view of the skinned horse head vs. bovine?
Published	04/11/2025	How does one surgically access the guttural pouch in the horse?
Published	04/11/2025	Which vessel is at highest risk for rupture in the case of a guttural pouch infection?
Published	04/11/2025	What are the compartments of the guttural pouch, and what separates them?
Published	04/11/2025	While the horse has a facial {{c1::crest}}, the ruminants have a facial {{c2::tuberosity}}
Published	04/17/2025	Muscles of the face and their actions:{{c1::levator nasolabialis}}= {{c2::raise lip & expand nares}} {{c1::levator labii superioris}}= {…
Published	04/17/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.782:top=.5102:width=.1925:height=.0631}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7803:top=.5849:width=.1925:height=.0631}}{{c…
Published	04/17/2025	{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6796:top=.4989:width=.2357:height=.0443:oi=1}}{{c3::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6796:top=.5506:width=.1831:height=.048…
Published	04/17/2025	Ruminants and cats do not have an {{c1::internal carotid}} artery. The coronary sinus is found on the {{c2::occiptal}} artery.
Published	04/17/2025	The branches of facial nerve are {{c1::dorsal buccal branch}}, {{c1::ventral buccal branch}}, and {{c1::auriculopalperbral}}. {{c2::Aur…
Published	04/17/2025	Innervation and actions of laryngeal muscles:{{c1::cricothyroideus}}= {{c2::cranial laryngeal nerve}} = {{c3::tenses vocal fold}}{{c1::cricoarytenoide…
Published	04/17/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5401:top=.266:width=.2003:height=.1457}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3705:top=.4519:width=.1133:height=.0958}}{{c…
Published	04/17/2025	What are the two differences in the large animal hyoid apparatus vs the canine?
Published	04/17/2025	Equine dental formulaDeciduous: Upper- {{c1::I3 C0 P3 M0}}Lower- {{c2::I3 C0 P3 M0}}Permanent:Upper- {{c1::I3 C1 P3/4* M3}}Lower- {{c2::I3 C1 P3 …
Published	04/17/2025	Bovine dental formulaDeciduous:Upper- {{c1::I0 C0 P3 M0}}Lower- {{c2::I3 C1 P3 M0}}PermanentUpper- {{c1::I0 C0 P3 M3}}Lower- {{c2::I3 C1 P3 M3}}
Published	04/17/2025	Equine eruption times of teeth:PermanentI1- {{c1::2.5 years}}I2- {{c1::3.5 years}}13- {{c1::4.5 years}}C1- {{c2::4-5 years }}P1- {{c3::5-6 months…
Published	04/17/2025	Equine eruption times of teethDeciduousI1- {{c1::6 days (0-2 weeks)}}I2- {{c1::6 weeks (4-6 weeks)}}I3- {{c1::6 months (6-10 months)}}P2, 3, and 4- {{…
Published	04/17/2025	Bovine eruption time of teethI1- {{c1::1.5-2 years}}I2- {{c1::2-2.5 years}}I3- {{c1::3 years}}C- {{c2::3.5-4 years}}P2- {{c3::2-2.5 years}}P3- {{c3::1…
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