Notes in 33) Sideroblastic Anemia

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Published	06/12/2025	How many hemoglobin molecules are produced by bone marrow per second?
Published	06/12/2025	In which cellular compartments does heme synthesis occur?
Published	06/12/2025	What are the two main workshops of the hemoglobin factory analogy?
Published	06/12/2025	Define sideroblastic anemia in one sentence.
Published	06/12/2025	What accumulates in erythroblast mitochondria in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What microscopic finding is pathognomonic for sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Are ring sideroblasts a disease or a finding?
Published	06/12/2025	How does sideroblastic anemia differ from iron deficiency anemia in iron studies?
Published	06/12/2025	What terms describe iron states in iron deficiency vs sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	List three clinical signs of chronic iron overload.
Published	06/12/2025	What neurologic finding suggests pyridoxine deficiency in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which toxin is classically associated with sideroblastic anemia and basophilic stippling?
Published	06/12/2025	What key lab pattern suggests ineffective erythropoiesis in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which enzyme catalyzes the first committed step of heme synthesis?
Published	06/12/2025	What substrates and cofactor does ALAS use?
Published	06/12/2025	Which enzyme inserts iron into protoporphyrin IX?
Published	06/12/2025	What happens when ferrochelatase is inhibited?
Published	06/12/2025	Name one genetic cause of impaired ALA synthase function.
Published	06/12/2025	Which vitamin deficiency can mimic ALAS2 mutation?
Published	06/12/2025	Define ringed sideroblast quantitatively.
Published	06/12/2025	What is ineffective erythropoiesis?
Published	06/12/2025	How does hepcidin respond in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which gene mutation is linked to sideroblastic anemia with ataxia?
Published	06/12/2025	Name two autosomal recessive genes causing non-syndromic sideroblastic anemia.
Published	06/12/2025	Which rare syndrome features sideroblastic anemia and immunodeficiency?
Published	06/12/2025	What mitochondrial DNA disorder causes infantile sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Can acquired sideroblastic anemias be reversible?
Published	06/12/2025	Which spliceosome gene mutation is found in MDS with ring sideroblasts?
Published	06/12/2025	Define MDS-RS.
Published	06/12/2025	What novel agent is FDA-approved for MDS with ring sideroblasts?
Published	06/12/2025	Name two enzymes inhibited by lead.
Published	06/12/2025	What peripheral smear finding is classic for lead poisoning?
Published	06/12/2025	Which nutrient deficiency in TB therapy leads to sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which lab test measures unbound protoporphyrin in RBCs?
Published	06/12/2025	What happens to FEP in lead poisoning?
Published	06/12/2025	How are marrow iron stores in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Where is iron stored in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What smear finding corresponds to Pappenheimer bodies?
Published	06/12/2025	Can acquired sideroblastic anemia present macrocytically?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the RDW in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Define dimorphic RBC population.
Published	06/12/2025	Which cells exhibit basophilic stippling?
Published	06/12/2025	Name a common reversible cause of acquired sideroblastic anemia.
Published	06/12/2025	Which antibiotic can cause sideroblastic anemia after prolonged use?
Published	06/12/2025	What supplementation prevents INH-induced sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the most common acquired cause of sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which chelating agent is first-line for pediatric lead poisoning?
Published	06/12/2025	Name one chemotherapeutic agent that can induce sideroblastic anemia.
Published	06/12/2025	What mnemonic includes Sideroblastic anemia among microcytic causes?
Published	06/12/2025	How does sideroblastic anemia affect hepcidin?
Published	06/12/2025	What cardiac complication arises from iron overload?
Published	06/12/2025	What endocrine complication arises from iron overload?
Published	06/12/2025	Which organ is most commonly affected by iron overload?
Published	06/12/2025	What skin finding suggests iron overload?
Published	06/12/2025	How is serum ferritin in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the TIBC in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which RBC index is often low in congenital sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which index can be normal or high in MDS-related sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the Mentzer index in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which RBC transfusion complication is particularly relevant?
Published	06/12/2025	Why might phlebotomy be contraindicated initially?
Published	06/12/2025	Which treatment reduces iron burden in transfused patients?
Published	06/12/2025	What do ESAs like EPO treat?
Published	06/12/2025	What trial supports luspatercept in MDS with RS?
Published	06/12/2025	What combination mutation is seen in MDS/MPN-RS-T?
Published	06/12/2025	Which transporter is defective in SLC25A38 anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which congenital anemia responds to pyridoxine?
Published	06/12/2025	What characterizes autosomal recessive SLC25A38 anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What syndromic form includes ataxia?
Published	06/12/2025	Which rare mutation causes Myopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Sideroblastic Anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Name the triad of TRMA syndrome.
Published	06/12/2025	What transporter is mutated in TRMA?
Published	06/12/2025	What finding links TRMA to sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	How is TRMA treated?
Published	06/12/2025	What infection risk is increased in transfusion-dependent patients?
Published	06/12/2025	What laboratory finding distinguishes ACD from sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What distinguishes thalassemia trait on smear?
Published	06/12/2025	What does hemoglobin electrophoresis show in beta‐thalassemia trait?
Published	06/12/2025	What distinguishes megaloblastic anemia smear?
Published	06/12/2025	What type of anemia is idiopathic acquired sideroblastic?
Published	06/12/2025	Which condition can cause transient sideroblastic changes when rewarming?
Published	06/12/2025	What myelopathy can mimic B₁₂ deficiency in copper deficiency?
Published	06/12/2025	What blood count abnormality accompanies copper deficiency?
Published	06/12/2025	Which cream overuse can cause copper deficiency?
Published	06/12/2025	What is first-line therapy for copper deficiency anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What two microcytic features can coexist in alcohol abuse?
Published	06/12/2025	What mnemonic helps recall lead poisoning findings?
Published	06/12/2025	What role does ceruloplasmin play?
Published	06/12/2025	What ratio differentiates thalassemia from sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Why check folate in chronic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the main risk of iron chelators?
Published	06/12/2025	Why are SF3B1 mutations prognostically favorable?
Published	06/12/2025	What high-yield fact links pyridoxine to ALAS?
Published	06/12/2025	```csv
Published	06/12/2025	What stain highlights iron in bone marrow?
Published	06/12/2025	What cell type is a sideroblast?
Published	06/12/2025	What is a siderocyte?
Published	06/12/2025	Differentiate Pappenheimer bodies from basophilic stippling.
Published	06/12/2025	What is the defining ring sideroblast circumference involvement?
Published	06/12/2025	What minimal number of granules qualifies a ring sideroblast?
Published	06/12/2025	What percentage of ring sideroblasts defines RARS by WHO?
Published	06/12/2025	According to updated WHO, what percentage suffices with SF3B1 mutation?
Published	06/12/2025	What normally is the percentage of sideroblasts in healthy marrow?
Published	06/12/2025	What drives increased iron absorption in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What are Pappenheimer bodies made of?
Published	06/12/2025	What does basophilic stippling represent?
Published	06/12/2025	Which intermediate builds up when ferrochelatase is blocked?
Published	06/12/2025	Which intermediate builds up when ALA dehydratase is inhibited by lead?
Published	06/12/2025	Name three drugs besides INH that can cause sideroblastic anemia.
Published	06/12/2025	What is the most frequent mutation in MDS-RS?
Published	06/12/2025	What concomitant mutation occurs in MDS/MPN-RS-T?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the typical age of onset for MDS-RS?
Published	06/12/2025	What pattern on smear suggests dimorphic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What is a key lab difference between ACD and sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What iron study is elevated in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Why does ferritin rise in sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What organ damage can result from secondary hemochromatosis?
Published	06/12/2025	How do erythropoiesis-stimulating agents help in MDS-RS?
Published	06/12/2025	How does luspatercept differ from ESAs?
Published	06/12/2025	What is a typical B₆ dose for XLSA?
Published	06/12/2025	What chelator is used orally for transfusional iron overload?
Published	06/12/2025	Which chelator is given IV/SubQ for iron overload?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the main symptom of anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What symptom suggests cardiac iron overload?
Published	06/12/2025	What endocrine testing should be done in iron overload?
Published	06/12/2025	Why give folate in chronic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the characteristic smear in thalassemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the Mentzer index threshold for IDA?
Published	06/12/2025	What Mentzer index suggests thalassemia trait?
Published	06/12/2025	Name three non-genetic causes of sideroblastic anemia.
Published	06/12/2025	Which vitamin deficiency besides B₆ causes sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What are common features of copper deficiency?
Published	06/12/2025	What bone marrow feature indicates erythroid hyperplasia?
Published	06/12/2025	What causes marrow hypercellularity in MDS?
Published	06/12/2025	Which cytogenetic test is crucial for suspected MDS?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the role of hepcidin in iron homeostasis?
Published	06/12/2025	Why is hepcidin suppressed in ineffective erythropoiesis?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the key distinction between primary and secondary sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Name a reversible cause of acquired sideroblastic anemia besides alcohol.
Published	06/12/2025	What peripheral smear finding is unique to MDS?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the role of transferrin saturation in diagnosis?
Published	06/12/2025	When is bone marrow biopsy indicated in anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What immune risk arises from iron overload?
Published	06/12/2025	Which organ’s MRI detects iron loading?
Published	06/12/2025	Which leukocyte lineage shows vacuoles in copper deficiency?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the genetic inheritance of XL sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	Why can female carriers of XLSA be symptomatic?
Published	06/12/2025	What is typical ferritin level in untreated XLSA mid-life?
Published	06/12/2025	What endocrine organ is affected by iron in hemochromatosis?
Published	06/12/2025	What test differentiates between sideroblastic and thalassemia on labs?
Published	06/12/2025	What does elevated zinc protoporphyrin indicate?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the typical reticulocyte count in hemolytic anemia vs sideroblastic?
Published	06/12/2025	What signal on Prussian blue appears in ring sideroblasts?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the global incidence of sideroblastic anemia?
Published	06/12/2025	What proportion of MDS cases have ring sideroblasts?
Published	06/12/2025	What is the first step after diagnosing ring sideroblasts?
Published	06/12/2025	Which nutritional supplement is standard with INH therapy?
Published	06/12/2025	What are common multi-system symptoms of lead?
Published	06/12/2025	Which antibiotic’s prolonged use mimics chloramphenicol?
Published	06/12/2025	Name a rare cause of sideroblastic anemia due to mitochondrial transport defect.
Published	06/12/2025	```
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