Notes in Cardiology

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/27/2025	What are the BNP and NT-proBNP diagnostic cut off values for Heart failure?
Published	02/28/2025	What is the stepwise approach for anti-anginals?
Published	02/28/2025	What are the indications for PCI in stable angina?
Published	02/28/2025	What are the indications for CABG > PCI?
Published	02/28/2025	How does aspirin work?
Published	02/28/2025	What are the P2Y12 inhibitors and their features?
Published	02/28/2025	What is the difference between Ticagrelor and Pasugrel/Clopidogrel?
Published	02/28/2025	What is Tirofiban and how does it work?
Published	02/28/2025	What is the usual duration of triple therapy?
Published	02/28/2025	What are the contraindications to thrombolysis?
Published	02/28/2025	WHat is the LDL target in secondary prevention
Published	02/28/2025	Generally, what is the approach for lipid-modifying therapy?
Published	02/28/2025	How do Statins work and what are their side effects?
Published	02/28/2025	How does Ezetimibe work?
Published	02/28/2025	How does Fenofibrate work?
Published	02/28/2025	How do PCSK9 inhibitors work?
Published	02/28/2025	What is Heterozygeous familial hypercholesterolaemia?
Published	02/28/2025	What is familial combined hyperlipidaemia?
Published	02/28/2025	What are the causes of high Triglycerides?
Published	02/28/2025	What is the action potential of a cardiac muscle cell?
Published	02/28/2025	What are the class 1 anti-arrhythmics?
Published	02/28/2025	What are class 2 anti-arrhythmics?
Published	02/28/2025	What are the class 3 antiarrhythmics?
Published	02/28/2025	What are class IV antiarrhythmics?
Published	02/28/2025	Where do the atrial tachycarrhythmias begin?
Published	02/28/2025	How do you differentiate VT vs SVT with aberrancy?
Published	03/04/2025	What are the important treatment considerations for someone presenting with this ECG?
Published	03/04/2025	In young people, what is the maximal heart rate?
Published	03/04/2025	A patient has cardiac resynchronisation therapy planned. Which of the following investigations will give the best prediction of whether a symptomatic …
Published	03/04/2025	Typical atrial flutter is caused by which mechanism?a.Increased automaticity of atrial cellsb.Macro-reentry circuit in the atriac.Micro-reentry circui…
Published	03/04/2025	Which of the following interventions has not been shown to reduce the burden of symptomatic atrial fibrillation?a.Exerciseb.Weight loss >10%c.Cathe…
Published	03/04/2025	What is the MOA and indications of flecanide?
Published	03/04/2025	What IV antiarrhythmics is contraindicated for acute management of VT?A) Lignocaine B) Verapamil C) Procainamide D) Amiodarone E) …
New Card	04/07/2025	A 65 - year old accountant undergoes an abdominal US due to mildly abnromal LFTs. The US reveals a few mobile gallstones and a 5cm abdominal aortic an…
Published	04/15/2025	A 15 yo female has been with gene found to carry the same gene positive for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after familial screening after her father died…
Published	04/15/2025	A 35yo woman with diagnosed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sees you for pre-pregnancy counselling. Her husband is healthy and has no medical history. She…
Published	04/15/2025	A 31yo married man survives a cardiac arrest and is diagnosed with HCM after having ECG, echocardiogram and CMRI supporting the diagnosis. You decide …
Published	04/15/2025	A 74yo woman with presents with NYHA III dyspnoea F.I. She has a past history of poorly controlled hypertension, CKD, and osteoporosis. Her examinatio…
Published	04/15/2025	A 45yo man with presents with NYHA III dyspnoea F.I. He has a past history of poorly controlled HT and moderate-severe CKD. His examination shows BP 1…
Published	04/15/2025	How do you treat and diagnose Anderon Fabry Disease?
Published	04/15/2025	A 62yo woman with diagnosed AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement (confirmed on biopsy) presents with dyspnoea. She otherwise has the past history o…
Published	04/15/2025	The mechanism of action of Tafamidis in ATTR-Amyloidosis is: a. Binds to transthyretin, preventing tetramer dissociation into monomers b. Binds to dep…
Published	04/15/2025	What is amyloidosis?
Published	04/15/2025	What is ATTR Amyloidosis?
Published	04/15/2025	What are the subtypes of ATTR Amyloidosis?
Published	04/15/2025	Which of the following features would be more suggestive of athlete’s heart rather than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? a. Atrial fibrillationb. Dilated …
Published	04/15/2025	What is Athlete's heart?
Published	04/15/2025	Which of the following is the strongest indication for septal reduction surgery / alcohol septal ablation in patients with HCM? a. Septal thickness &g…
Published	04/15/2025	When should you send someone for septal reduction surgery or alcohol septal ablation?
Published	04/15/2025	A 68yo woman presents to the ED with severe chest pain after a car accident. She has the past history of current smoking and hypercholesterolemia. She…
Published	04/15/2025	What is Takotsubo's CM?
Published	04/15/2025	Which of the following is NOT a feature of ARVC? a. Right ventricular dilatation b. Fibrofatty infiltration of the left ventricle c. Gene defect in ca…
Published	04/15/2025	What are the HF diagnostic criteria?
Published	04/15/2025	A 67-year-old woman with congestive cardiac failure remains breathless on moderate exertion despite treatment with 40 mg frusemide and 20 mg enalapril…
Published	04/15/2025	What is the HFrEF management algorithm?
Published	04/15/2025	A 69yo woman with long-standing idiopathic cardiomyopathy continues to feel dyspnoeic on walking to her mailbox despite taking: - Bisoprolol 5mg …
Published	04/15/2025	The method of action of Sacubitril is: A. Indirectly inhibits Renin production B. Blocks the atrial naturetic peptide receptors C. Inhibits an enzyme …
Published	04/15/2025	A 60yo man remains short of breath with showering despite increasing medical therapy for his idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. His ECG is on the foll…
Published	04/15/2025	What is the medical and interventional management for HFrEF?
Published	04/15/2025	Which of the following treatment has demonstrated reduced mortality in patients with HFrEF? A. Vericiguat B. Omecamptiv mecarbil C. Intravenous f…
Published	04/15/2025	What drugs improves HF hospitalisations and visits in patients with HFpEF?
Published	04/15/2025	A 56 year old man presents for elective PCI to an LAD bifurcation lesion. During the procedure he suffers slow flow in the diagonal artery. ECG next d…
Published	04/15/2025	A 74 year old woman presents with an NSTEACS. Her past history includes a HTN, prior stroke 3 months prior and diabetes. Coronary angiography showed m…
Published	04/15/2025	All the following are contraindications to thrombolysis except: 1. Systolic BP>180 or DBP>110 2. Ischaemic Stroke 2 months prior 3. Pre-existing…
Published	04/15/2025	Routine thrombus aspiration in STEMI can: 1. Improves mortality 2. Reduces size of infarction 3. Increase risk of stroke \4. Improves survival only 5.…
Published	04/15/2025	A 55-yo truckdriver, hypertension, diabetes presents with chest pain, generally unwell. CP for 72 hours. ECG: anterior STEMI. Blood Pressure 80/50mmHg…
Published	04/15/2025	What is the only circulatory support device with mortality benefit?
Published	04/15/2025	70 yo, with hypertension, dyslipidaemia presents with chest pain for 3 hours. ECG: anterior STEMI. Blood pressure 140/80mmHg, HR 99 Angiogram: oc…
Published	04/15/2025	In patients immediately post MI with an EF<30%, there is a significant risk of sudden cardiac death. To decrease this risk you should: 1. Optimal m…
Published	04/15/2025	78 yo with AF has just undergone PCI. She has taken warfarin for “years” for AF thromboprophylaxis. She a past history of hypertension and bleeding pe…
Published	04/15/2025	What is the antithrombotic therapy of choice in AF and PCI?
Published	04/15/2025	What is the likely underlying pathology accounting for the presentation? 1. Coronary embolus 2. Atherosclerosis and plaque rupture 3. Coronary Intramu…
Published	04/15/2025
Status	Last Update	Fields