Notes in DNA Structure

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Transmission}} genetics defines a gene as the fundametal unit of heredity, which carries information from one generation to the next.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Population}} genetics defines a gene as the variation observed within and between populations, and changes across generations.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Molecular}} genetics defines a gene as the entire nucleic acid sequence that is necessary for the synthesis of a functional polypeptide or RNA m…
Published	08/28/2024	A gene consist of {{c1::exons}}, which are the coding parts of the gene, and {{c1::introns}}, which are the non-coding parts.
Published	08/28/2024	Genomes of organisms often reflects complexity. The difference in the size of eukaryotic genomes primarly reflects differences in amounts of {{c1…
Published	08/28/2024	DNA and RNA are polymers of {{c1::nucleotides}}. {{c1::Nucleotides}} are formed from a {{c2::base}}, a {{c2::sugar}}, and a {{c2::phosphate group…
Published	08/28/2024	Nucleotides polymerize via {{c1::phosphodiester bonds}}. The 5' of one nucleotide binds the 3' hydroxyl of another. DNA and RNA has directio…
Published	08/28/2024	DNA uses complementary base pairing. C pairs with {{c1::G}} ({{c2::pyrimidine and purine}})T pairs with {{c1::A}} ({{c2::pyrimidine and purine}})
Published	08/28/2024	DNA is formed by a {{c1::phosphodiester}} bond between the sugar and the phosphate, as well as a {{c1::glycosidic}} bond between the sugar and the bas…
Published	08/28/2024	Hydrogen bonds form in the major and minor grooves formed by {{c1::glycosidic}} bond positions.
Published	08/28/2024	DNA bases can deviate from the ideal Watson-Crick structure. Bases stacked in the helix are subject to second-order effects, including: 1. {{c1::…
Published	08/28/2024	Watson and Crick model of DNA is called {{c1::B-DNA}}, most commonly found in nature. {{c1::A-DNA}} is similar but wider, shorter bases are tilte…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Z-DNA}} is a very different form of the DNA helix. This is left-handed, and the phosphoryl groups in the backbone are zigzagged. Formed by …
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Supercoiling}} is a phenomenon that compacts DNA, which allows it to be easily unwound for replication. In this phenomenon, linear DNA join…
Published	08/28/2024	DNA of eukaryotic cells is packaged by {{c1::nucleosomes}}, wrapping it up into {{c1::chromatin}}, which then forms {{c1::chromosomes}}.
Published	08/28/2024	Histones are largely {{c1::conserved}} between eukaryotes. They have many {{c1::basic}} amino acids that bind to the negatively charged DNA.
Published	08/28/2024	A nucleosome is composed of an {{c1::octamer}} of core histones, as well as one histone that binds where DNA starts wrapping the nucleosome.
Published	08/28/2024	Packaging of DNA into a {{c1::10-nm}} chromatin fiber shortens its length approximately sixfold.
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Euchromatin}} is composed of fewer nucleosomes and actively transcribed genes. DNA in this chromatin structure can be replicated. {{c1::Het…
Published	08/28/2024	During {{c1::interphase}}, DNA is decondensed. During {{c1::mitosis}}, chromosomes become condense, become visible, and transcription is stopped.…
Published	08/28/2024	A {{c1::centromere}} is a specialized region of the chromosome that ensures correct distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells during mitosis.&nbsp…
Published	08/28/2024	Telomeres are {{c1::simple-sequence repeats}} at the ends of chromosomes. Repeated sequences of telomere DNA form loops at the ends of chromosomes and…
Status	Last Update	Fields